Body Systems Concept Map

BODY SYSTEMS

I.       Respiratory

Oxygen enters the respiratory system through the mouth and nose. The oxygen passes through the larynx down the trachea that enters the chest cavity. The trachea filters the air that we breathe. The trachea splits into two smaller tubes called bronchi, which then divide again into bronchial tubes. These tubes carry air directly into the lungs.

A.    Diaphragm

B.    Lungs

1.    Puts oxygen in blood

2.    Takes carbon dioxide out of blood

C.    Trachea

1.    Filters air

D.    mouth

E.    Nose

II.     Digestive

Organs that make up the digestive system are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and liver. Digestion is the process by which food and drink are broken down into their smallest parts so the body can use them to build and nourish cells and provide energy.

A.    Mouth

1.    Where digestion first begins

2.    Food is chewed and mixed with saliva

B.    Esophagus

C.    Liver

D.    Large and Small Intestine

E.    Stomach

1.  Hydrochloric Acid mixes with the chewed food

III.    Muscular

The muscular system can be broken down into three different types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. The skeletal muscles are the only muscle tissue in the human body and control every action that a person consciously performs. Smooth muscle is found inside of organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. It is the weakest of the three muscle types and sends signals to contract to move substances through the organ. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood through the body.

A.    Skeletal muscle

1.    Helps strengthen body and connects to bones

B.    Cardiac muscle

1.    Found in the heart

C.    Smooth muscle

1.    Found in walls of internal organs

IV.    Nervous

The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and retina. The peripheral nervous system consists of sensory neurons, ganglia, which are clusters of neurons, and nerves that connect to one another and to the central nervous system. Neurons send signals to other cells through thin fibers called axons. These then cause neurotransmitters to be released at synapses. A synapse gives commands to cells.

A.    Peripheral

1.    Nerves

2.    Ganglia

3.    Sensory Neurons

a.    React to light, sound, and touch

B.    Central

1.    Brain

a.    Where the nerves begin

2.    Spinal Cord

3.    Retina

V.     Circulatory

The major parts of the circulatory system are the heart, arteries, and veins. The hearts pumps blood to the arteries. The arteries take oxygenated blood to muscles. the veins take blood back to the heart, which then releases carbon dioxide in the lungs.

A.    Heart

1.    Pumps blood to arteries

B.    Arteries

1.    Take oxygenated blood to muscles

C.    Veins

1.    Take blood back to heart to release carbon dioxide